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knobcone pine
The knobcone pine, ''Pinus attenuata'', (also called ''Pinus tuberculata''〔 , with illustrations by Carl Eytel - (Kurut, Gary F. (2009), "Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist", ''California State Library Foundation'', Bulletin No. 95, pp. 17-20 ) retrieved Nov. 13, 2011〕) is a tree that grows in mild climates on poor soils. It ranges from the mountains of southern Oregon to Baja California with the greatest concentration in northern California and the Oregon-California border.
==Description==
The knobcone pine (''Pinus attenuata'') crown is usually conical with a straight trunk. It reaches heights of .〔Gymnosperm Database, 2008〕 However, it can be a shrub on especially poor sites. It prefers dry rocky mountain soils. The bark is smooth, flaky and gray-brown when young, becoming dark gray-red-brown and shallowly furrowed into flat scaly ridges. The twigs are red-brown and often resinous.
The leaves are in fascicles of three,〔eNature Field Guides, 2007〕 needle-like, yellow-green, twisted, and 9–15 cm (about 3.5–6 in) long. The cones are 8–16 cm long and clustered in whorls of three to six on the branches. The scales end in a short stout prickle. The cones remain closed for many years until a fire opens them and allows reseeding. As a result, the cones may even become embedded in the trunk as the tree grows.
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